當我們建立陣列時，有些屬性或是方法他會自動的繼承，例如:GetValue取的元素值、
Copy複製物件等等。
參考:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/system.array.aspx
宣告方式:
int[] intArray = new int[10] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
int[] copyArray = new int[10] ;
| 方法 |
說明 |
例子 |
void Copy(SourceArray, DestinactionArray, Int64)
void Copy(SourceArray, DestinactionArray, Int32) |
複製陣列 |
Array.Copy(intArray, copyArray, 5);
//copyArray 內容為 1,2,3,4,5
|
void Copy(Array, Int32, Array, Int32, Int32)
void Copy(Array, Int32, Array, Int64, Int64) |
說明 |
例子 |
| int GetLength(Int64) |
取得陣列的長度 |
intArray.GetLength(0) //10 |
| Object GetValue(Int64) |
取得元素值 |
intArray.GetValue(1) // 2 |
| Reverse(Array) |
逆排序 |
Reverse// 10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 |
| Sort(Array) |
順排序 |
Reverse // 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
建立隱含型別 :
var names = new[] {"John" , "Diana" , "James"} ;
var numbers = new[] {1 , 2 , 3.5 , 99.99} ;
集合可以說是物件的集合，他可以一次處理多個物件，.NET將物件規劃在System.Collection
你可以透過實作介面或是利用現成的方法去完成，集合的處理。接下來我們介紹集合幾個
重要的類別及介面:
- ArrayList
ArrayList是實作List介面的的類別，他跟Array很相似，陣列宣告時需要給定明確長度，但是
如果我們對一組資料可能沒有辦法決定明確的長度，這是建議可以使用ArrayList來宣告。
//規劃員工類別: 職工編號、年紀、薪水
class Employee :IComparable
{
public String no;
public int age;
public int salary;
}
ArrayList alist = new ArrayList();
Console.WriteLine("初始化的長度: {0}",alist.Count) ;
//輸入員工清單
Console.WriteLine("===輸入員工清單===");
for (int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
{
Random random = new Random() ;
Employee employee = new Employee() ;
employee.no = String.Format("{0}", i);
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
employee.age = random.Next(18, 65);
employee.salary = random.Next(15000, 50000);
alist.Add(employee);
}
//插入空降部隊
alist.Insert(3, new Employee { no="8" , salary=50000, age=30 });
//列出員工清單
foreach (Employee emp in alist)
{
Console.Write("編號:{0},",emp.no) ;
Console.Write("年齡:{0},", emp.age);
Console.Write("薪水:{0},", emp.salary);
Console.WriteLine() ;
}
Console.WriteLine("===移除空降部隊===");
alist.Remove(alist[3]); //移除空降部隊
Console.WriteLine("===組織改選===");
alist.Reverse(); //組織改選
//列出員工清單
foreach (Employee emp in alist)
{
Console.Write("編號:{0},", emp.no);
Console.Write("年齡:{0},", emp.age);
Console.Write("薪水:{0},", emp.salary);
Console.WriteLine();
}
結果:
2. IComparable介面
這個介面主要可以用來實現排序的功能，依據某個值是否大於、 等於或小於另傳
回 1、 0 或-1
//實作年齡 IComparable介面
class Employee :IComparable
{
public String no;
public int age;
public int salary;
public int CompareTo(object obj)
{
Employee refEmp = (Employee)obj;
return this.age.CompareTo(refEmp.age);
}
}
ArrayList alist = new ArrayList();
Console.WriteLine("初始化的長度: {0}",alist.Count) ;
//輸入員工清單
Console.WriteLine("===輸入員工清單===");
for (int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
{
Random random = new Random() ;
Employee employee = new Employee() ;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
employee.no = random.Next(1, 20).ToString();
employee.age = random.Next(18, 65);
employee.salary = random.Next(15000, 50000);
alist.Add(employee);
}
//插入空降部隊
alist.Insert(3, new Employee { no="8" , salary=50000, age=30 });
//員工以年齡排序
alist.Sort();
//列出員工清單
foreach (Employee emp in alist)
{
Console.Write("編號:{0},",emp.no) ;
Console.Write("年齡:{0},", emp.age);
Console.Write("薪水:{0},", emp.salary);
Console.WriteLine() ;
}
3. 列舉
逐一列舉出元素，集合常用的模式，而IEnumberator負責這些方法的定義，如MoveNext、
Reset、MoveNext等等。
class EnumEx1:IEnumerable
{
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
實例:
public class Employee : IComparable, IEnumerable, IEnumerator
{
public String no;
public int age;
public int salary;
int currentIndex = -1;
ArrayList empList = new ArrayList();
public Employee()
{
}
public Employee(ArrayList empolyeeArrayList)
{
this.empList = empolyeeArrayList;
}
public int CompareTo(object obj)
{
Employee refEmp = (Employee)obj;
return this.age.CompareTo(refEmp.age);
}
//IEnumerable
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
return this.empList.GetEnumerator();
}
//IEnumerator
public object Current
{
get { return empList[currentIndex]; }
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
bool result = false;
if (empList.Count >= currentIndex)
{
currentIndex += -1;
result = true;
}
return result;
}
public void Reset()
{
currentIndex = -1;
}
}
class ArrayListEx
{
public static void Main()
{
ArrayList alist = new ArrayList();
Console.WriteLine("初始化的長度: {0}",alist.Count) ;
//輸入員工清單
Console.WriteLine("===輸入員工清單===");
for (int i = 0; i <= 7; i++)
{
Random random = new Random() ;
Employee employee = new Employee() ;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
employee.no = random.Next(1, 20).ToString();
employee.age = random.Next(18, 65);
employee.salary = random.Next(15000, 50000);
alist.Add(employee);
}
Employee empAction = new Employee(alist);
IEnumerator enumtor = empAction.GetEnumerator();
while(enumtor.MoveNext())
{
Employee employee = (Employee)enumtor.Current;
Console.WriteLine("no:"+employee.no + "\t");
Console.WriteLine("age:"+employee.age + "\t");
Console.WriteLine("salary:"+employee.salary + "\t");
}
}
常用的介面
- ICollection介面
當我們實作ICollection介面時，我們需要實作下列的方法。
class CollectionEx1 : ICollection
{
public void
CopyTo(Array array, int index)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public int
Count
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public bool
IsSynchronized
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public object
SyncRoot
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public
IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
2.IList
class IListExt :IList
{
public int Add(object value)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public void Clear()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public bool Contains(object value)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public int IndexOf(object value)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public void Insert(int index, object value)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public bool IsFixedSize
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public bool IsReadOnly
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public void Remove(object value)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public void RemoveAt(int index)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public object this[int index]
{
get
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
set
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
public void CopyTo(Array array, int index)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public int Count
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public bool IsSynchronized
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public object SyncRoot
{
get { throw new NotImplementedException(); }
}
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
(1) 堆疊(stack)
堆疊是一種後進先出的資料結構，就是跟發牌的排列一樣，我們可以利用stack的類別
去使用，他分別實作ICollection、IEnumerable和ICloneable這三種介面。stack提供兩個重
要的方法Pop和Push，Pop為放入以及Push為取出。
Ex:
Stack numberStack = new Stack();
numberStack.Push("dog");
numberStack.Push("a");
numberStack.Push("is");
numberStack.Push("it");
Console.WriteLine("Count:{0} ", numberStack.Count);
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", numberStack.Pop());
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", numberStack.Pop());
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", numberStack.Pop());
Console.WriteLine("{0} ", numberStack.Pop());
Ans : it is a dog
(2)促列(queue)
促列是一種先進先出的資料結構，最先加入會先被取出，例如: 排隊、網路資料處理等等
Queue分別實作ICollection、IEnumerable和ICloneable這三種介面。queue的預設容量大小32。
queue提供兩個重要的方法enqueue和dequeue，enqueue為放入以及dequeue為取出。
public static void Main()
{
Queue queue = new Queue();
queue.Enqueue("it");
queue.Enqueue("is");
queue.Enqueue("a");
queue.Enqueue("dog");
Console.WriteLine("{0}",queue.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine("{0}", queue.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine("{0}", queue.Dequeue());
Console.WriteLine("{0}", queue.Dequeue());
}
Ans : it is a dog
(3)雜湊(hashtable)
它是一種資料結構的方式，透過數學方函式運算，將集合中的元素經由雜湊函式轉換
來對應表格中的索引值。
